bhspersuasionproject - Make It Happen

Butler, Rhett. "World's Largest Cities [Ranked by City Population]." Mongabay. 2005. 13 Nov. 2008
<http://www.mongabay.com/cities_pop_01.htm>.

largest populated-Bombay, india -12,778,721 JL
2nd largest-Karachi, packistan -12,207,254 JL
3rd largest-Delhi, india -11,055,365 JL
4th largest-Shanghai, china -10,840,516 JL
5th largest-Moscow, Russia -10,375,688 JL
6th largest-Seoul, southkorea -10,147,972 JL
7th largest-Sao Paulo,Brazil -10,136,978 JL
8th largest-istanbul,Turkey -10,121,565 JL
9th largest-Lima, Peru -8,866,160 JL
10th largest-Ciudad de México, Mexico -8,548,639 JL
11th largest-Jakarta, indonesia -8,407,479 JL
12th largest-New York, United states -8,158,957 JL
13th largest-Tokyo, Japan -8,124,310 JL
14th largest-Beijing, China -7,741,274 JL
15th largest-Bogotá, Colombia -7,620,971 JL
16th largest-Al-Qahirah, Egypt -7,438,376 JL
17th largest-Tehran, Iran -7,404,515 JL
18th largest-Ar-Riyad, Suadi Arabia -7,318,636 JL
19th largest-London, England -7,287,555 JL
20th laargest-Bogota, Colombia -7,192,209 JL

Smallest popluated cities-
Sunderland, England 174,717 SS
Modena, Italy 174,745 SS
Uttarpara-Kotrung, India 174,755 SS
Norwich, England 174,849 SS
Bhind, India 175,035 SS
Botshabelo, Soth Africa 175,061 SS
Jacobabad, Pakistan 175,162 SS
Rajendranagar, India 175,302 SS
Obihiro, Japan 175,473 SS
Niš, Serbia 175,477 SS
Varamin, India175,726 SS
Parakou, Benin 175,792 SS
-Pathankot, India 175,828 SS
Kâmpóng Saôm, Cambodia 175,891 SS
Banha, Egypt 175,928 SS
Andong, South Korea 176,164 SS
Fort-Foureau, Cameroon 176,241 SS
Sagamu, Nigeria 176,254 SS
Kutaisi, Georgia 176,373 SS
Pate, Taiwan 176,478 SS

"Population Growth Problems." Tribes of the Orange Sun. 13 Nov. 2008
<http://www.booksaboutthefuture.com/population-growth-problems.htm>.

Population-

Earths population = around 8 to 10 million, until abt thousand years ago (it increased)- HD
Presently around 6.2 billion- HD
Growth began w/ domestication of animals and growing of crops -HD
620+ people supported by agricultural technology today for every 1 supported by natural food supply before -HD
Population of the world-

Year/population
1750/ 790 mil
1800/980 mil
1850/1260 mil
1900/1.65 bil
1950/2.555 bil
2000/6.08 bil -HD
· Other reasons for increase in population – advances in medicine, sanitation, and technology - HD
· Population doubled in 40 years 1960-2000 -HD
· Avg increase of 75 million ppl per year, abt 205000 per day, 8500 per hour and 140 per minute – HD

Problems-

Thousands (especially children) die everyday from starvation, disease, etc. - HD
Illegal immigration -HD
Forests are disappearing - HD
Unpolluted fresh water is depleting/ in danger –HD
Air is polluted in most cities (Mexico City, Los Angeles)

Nature’s methods for dealing w/ overpopulation

Environmental problems - HD
Starvation -HD
Treatment-resistant diseases – HD

Argument against overpopulation-

Population growth problems and environmental problems are regional - HD

"What Could People Do To Stop Overpopulation Problems?" Yahoo Answers. May 2008. 14 Nov. 2008
<http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080421115528AAECTRy>.

Ways to solve Population growth-

Do nothing, it will reach a maximum population an no available resources so people will colonize on other planets-MG
Birth Control-MG
Limit family size-MG
Educate people on over population and its dangers-MG
Increase livable areas-MG
Keep abortion legal and inexpensive-MG
Adopting children to make other parts of the world more populated-MG
Not rely to much on technology to keep us alive longer-MG
Educating women show a drop in birth rates-MG
Earth has diseases, viruses, and natural disasters that can kill a lot of people-MG
Decrease birth rate an increase death rate-MG

"How overpopulation causes social problems." Wow Essays. 2004. Dream Net Studio. 14 Nov. 2008
<http://www.wowessays.com/dbase/af4/lvw171.shtml>.

Causes social problems-MG
Increase of single mothers in poor neighborhoods-MG
Birth and death rates have declined-MG
Scarcity of jobs and resources-MG
Inner city birth rates have increased-MG
Birth rates have decreased, but immigration has increased-MG

Opposing View

1975- 62% of women 40-44 had 3 or more children over their lifetime-MG
1988- 38% of women 40-44 had 3 or more children over their lifetime-MG
Percentage of 1 child birth went from 9% to 15%-MG
Years ago, men would work while women stayed home to take care of the children-MG
Now, women work so they have children later in age because they are busy with a career-MG

Adachi, Ken. "Population 'Control', New World Order Style ." Educate-Yourself . 13 Mar. 2006. 14
Nov. 2008 http://educate-yourself.org/nwo/nwopopcontrol.shtml.

Limiting size of human societies SS
Monitoring/controlling movement of individuals within that society SS
Genocide, population slaughter, orchestrated conflicts SS
Lethal bioengineered disease organisms introduced SS
Birth control SS
Sterilization SS
Introduction of deadly microbes to reduce the growth of the earth's population SS
Limiting size of human societies SS

Elsis, Mark R. "We have passed our sustainability." Overpopulation. 1 May 2000. 14 Nov. 2008
<http://www.overpopulation.net/>.

Zero population growth will occur about 2020 To 2029 SS
Human population of Earth reached 1 bil. in 1804, 2 bil. in 1927, 3 bil. in 1959, 4 bil. in 1974, 5 bill. in 1986 SS
In 1999 human population of Earth reached 6 bil. SS
Population doubled- 3 billion in 1959 to the 6,034,213,000 now SS
In 1987 87.01 mil. more people added to Earth SS
Population declined on average by 2.1 mil. less people added per year SS
In 2000 population will increase by 60.1 million people SS
If we maintain this 13 year average of 2.1 million less people added per year, we will peak in population reaching zero population growth in 2029 with 6.90 billion people. SS
The decline of human population has been even more dramatic over the last 6 years. SS
In 1994 we added 78.5 million more people, this year we will add 60.1 million. SS
This is a decline of 3 million less people added per year. SS
Around 75 countries from all regions of the world now have achieved replacement level fertility rates of 2.1 children per woman or less. SS

Cavanaugh-O'Keefe, John. "Chapter 15: Population control today." The Roots of Racism and Abortion.
2000. 14 Nov. 2008 <http://www.eugenics-watch.com/roots/chap15.html>.

The worst population control program has been in China. JL
Official policy of permitting only one child per family. JL
Forced abortion, forced sterilization and forced insertion of IUDs. JL
The incidence of such operations is stunning — 53 million from 1979 to 1984, according to the Ministry of Public HealthJL
a five-year abortion count approximately equal to the population of France." JL
a loss of half of their state land allotment, a fine of $200 — equal to about a year's income — and a late fee of $10 for every day they failed to report. JL
"No permit, no marriage; no permit, no pregnancy; no permit, no baby." they had a box where informers could drop reports about their neighbors who were pregnant without authorization JL
An incentive is a reward for cooperating, a "carrot." JL
In some nations, poor women are paid cash or given gifts if they get sterilized; such payments (or bribes) are incentives Jl
In the debate over population policy, some funders argue for an approach based on voluntarism, and insist that they will not support a program that has any coercion, quotas or disincentives, but will tolerate incentives JL

Hoevel, Ann. "Overpopulation could be people, planet problem." CNN. 8 Apr. 2008. 14 Nov. 2008
http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/09/25/overpopulation.overview/index.html

By 2050 China will not be most populated country in the world-MG
2007- China had 1.3 billion and India had 1.1 billion-MG
If population growth continues at steady rate, India will have a larger population than China-MG
Population Institute and United Nation Public Fund working to promote human rights and the environment-MG
Not everyone sees the bad outcomes of overpopulation-MG
Environmentalists concerned that overpopulation will harm resources-MG
Deforestation, desertification, air pollution and global warming will increase with overpopulation-MG
Lack of fresh clean water-MG
3% fresh water on planet, competition for water-MG
97% of the oncoming population between now and 2050 will be in developing countries-MG

Opposing view

Nothing ever stays at a steady rate, population will steady out in 30 years-MG
Population will become urban and then will decline-MG

Herber, David. "Human Population Unit." Human Population Unit presented in Advanced Placement
     Environmental science, Oct. 2008.

Human Population

I A. Doubling Time- The amount of time for a given population to double, based on the annual growth rate. -HD
B. Social structure- Hunters/gatherers > agricultural > industrial -HD
C. Economics-
Developed vs Developing nations HD
25% population vs 75% population HD
80% wealth vs 20%wealth HD
II Causes of the population explosion -HD
A. Reduced infant and childhood mortality
1. Survivorship increase HD
2. advances in medicine and nutrition HD
3. Death commonly post reproductive HD
4. has largest effect on population growth HD
B. Developing countries continue growth
1. Children are an asset HD
2. Children are their social security HD
3. low education and career opportunities HD
4. Religious beliefs HD
5. Contraception not available HD
6. Woman’s societal role is reproductive HD
7. Growth momentum - HD
C. Increased longevity
1. only slight effects- HD
D. Mathematics
- growth is naturally exponential when limiting factors are not in effect -HD
E. Statistical Evidence
1. Fertility rate- avg # of children a woman will have -HD
replacement fertility= 2.1 -HD
developed countries rate= around 1.9 -HD
developing countries rate= around 4.1 -HD
2. Population Profile- shows population by sex and age group
-shape can predict population trends-HD
3. Survivorship curve-
how many ppl are born abt the same time out of 1000 (a cohort) are alive over time - HD
4. Demographic Transition-
shows birth and death rate, changes as a country develops -HD
stage 1- high birth and death rate- preincidental- HD
stage 2- death rate begins to drop- transitional- HD
stage 3- birth rate begins to drop also- industrial- HD
stage 4- everything levels out- post industrial- HD
III Solution to pop problems-
A. increase resources
1. use technology- HD
2. grow more food
3. -green revolution HD
4. -economics, revolution HD
-consider “utterly dismal theorem” (Any technical improvement can only relieve misery for a while, for so long as misery is the only check on population, the improvement will enable population to grow, and will soon enable more people to live in misery than before. The final result of improvements, therefore, is to increase the equilibrium population which is to increase the total sum of human misery.) -HD
` 3. Risks involved HD
B. Strict control problems
Ex china HD
C. Increase economic development and technological distribution
1. Aid demographic transition HD
2. should be appropriate technology (not building highways in Africa) HD
D. Reduce Fertility Rates-
1. education vs culture HD
2. tied to economics HD
3. birth control availability HD
E. Address concerns-
1. poverty HD
2. urbanization HD
3. pollution HD
4. consumption of resources HD
5. equality- gender, ethnic, economic HD

Hansen, Zac. "Population Control: India." Population Control. 2002. 18 Nov. 2008
<http://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htm>.

Indias population:

1999 India became the second country to have its population reach the one billion mark. JL
a billion people in a country one third the size of the United States is more worthy of alarm than celebration. JL
India has been implementing official family planning programs to curb population growth since the 1950’s. JL
India’s population has more than doubled since those days (from 431,463,000 in 1960 to 1,014,003,800 in 2000)JL
The national focus on sterilization seems to have created an “all or nothing” JL
many Indians are aware of the negative effects of the traditional policies and are striving for a change in the system.
In 1994, India put forth a “New Population Plan” (NPP) JL
by the year 2010, the average total fertility rate will fall from the early 90’s figure of 3.4 to around the replacement rate of 2.1. JL
----

"United States." The World Factbook. 18 Nov. 2008 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/
the-world-factbook/print/us.html>.

Us pop: 303,824,640 (July 2008 est.) JL

AGE STRUCTURE: 0-14 years: 20.1% (male 31,257,108/female 29,889,645
15-64 years: 67.1% (male 101,825,901/female 102,161,823)
65 years and over: 12.7% (male 16,263,255/female 22,426,914) (2008 est.) JL

Birth rate: 14.18 births/1,000 population (2008 est.) JL
Death rate: 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)\ JL
Net migration rate: 2.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.) JL
Infant mortality rate: total: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births JL
male: 6.95 deaths/1,000 live births JL
female: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.) JL
Life expectancy: total population: 78.14 years JL
male: 75.29 years JL
female: 81.13 years (2008 est.) JL

Rosenberg, Matt. "China Population." About.com. 30 July 2008. 18 Nov. 2008
http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/chinapopulation.htm.

China's total fertility rate is 1.7 JL
By the late 2010s, China's population is expected to reach 1.4 billion. JL
By 2040, India's population is expected to be 1.52 billion; that same year, China's will be 1.45 billion and India will JLbecome the world's most populous country. JL

"Overpopulation." Biology Cabinet. 21 Oct. 2006. 18 Nov. 2008 <http://biocab.org/
Overpopulation.html >.
CHINA

Population in 2006 (X 1000) ................................................ 1,313,973.7

Population in year 2000 (X 1000) ........................................ 1,276,301
Sex ratio (/100 females) .............................................................. 106.3
Per cent urban ............................................................................. 31.0
Age distribution (%) Crude death rate (/1000) ................................. 7.1
Ages 0-14 ..................................................................................... 26.3
Youth (15-24) ................................................................................ 18.1
Ages 60 + ..................................................................................... 9.3
Percentage of women aged 15-49 ............................................... 56.6
Median age (years) ...................................................................... 27.6
Population density (/sq. km) ...................................................... 127
Annual population growth rate (%) ............................................... 0.90
Urban ........................................................................................... 3.45
Rural .......................................................................................... - 0.32
Crude birth rate (/1000) ............................................................... 16.2
Net migration rate (/1000) ........................................................... - 0.1
Total fertility rate (woman) ........................................................... 1.80
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Males .......................................................................................... 68.2
Females ...................................................................................... 71.7
Both sexes .................................................................................. 69.9
GNP per capita (U.S. dollars, 1994) ........................................... 530 JL

INDIA

Population in 2006 (X 1000) ...................................................... 1,095,352
Population in year 2000 (X 1000) ........................................... 1,022,021
Sex ratio (/100 females) ............................................................ 106.9
Per cent urban ........................................................................... 26.8
Age distribution (%) Crude death rate (/1000) ............................... 8.9
Ages 0-14 .................................................................................... 35.2
Youth (15-24) ............................................................................... 18.9
Ages 60+ ....................................................................................... 7.2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 ............................................... 50.1
Median age (years) ...................................................................... 22.8
Population density (/sq. km) ....................................................... 285
Annual population growth rate (%) ................................................ 1.8
Urban ............................................................................................. 3.0
Rural .............................................................................................. 1.3
Crude birth rate (/1000) ................................................................. 26.6
Net migration rate (/1000) ............................................................. - 0.1
Total fertility rate (woman) ............................................................. 3.42
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Males ............................................................................................ 62.6
Females ........................................................................................ 62.9
Both sexes .................................................................................... 62.8
GNP per capita (U.S. dollars, 1994) ............................................. 310 JL

INDONESIA

Population in 2006 (X 1000) ....................................................... 245,452.74
Annual population growth rate (%) ............................................... 1.22
Population in year 2015 (X 1000) .............................................. 250,383
Total fertility rate (/woman)........................................................... 2.26
Sex ratio (/100 females)............................................................... 99.6
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Age distribution (%) Males ........................................................... 65.3
Ages 0-14...................................................................................... 30.7
Females ...................................................................................... 69.3
Youth (15-24)................................................................................ 19.8
Both sexes................................................................................... 67.3
Ages 60+........................................................................................ 7.5
GNP per capita (U.S. dollars, 1998)............................................ 640 JL